First, we present a comprehensive study of wastewater treatment in the shale gas extraction, including the most common technologies for the pretreatment and three different desalination technologies of recent interest. The uks shale gas reserves are unlikely to be large enough to be a game. Operators are guided by all applicable laws and regulations in. Composition and treatment of effluent from shale gas. It is generally assumed in the literature that the monolayer langmuir isotherm describes gas adsorption behavior in shale gas reservoirs. The main focus is on sourcereservoirseal shale petroleum plays. Usa is leading the development of techniques for exploring, and technology for exploiting unconventional gas resources, which can help to develop potential gas bearing shales of thailand. Composition and treatment of effluent from shale gas production article in clean technologies and environmental policy 206 may 2018 with 16 reads how we measure reads. Impacts of shale gas wastewater disposal on water quality in western pennsylvania nathaniel r. Pdf, wastewater management strategies for sustained shale gas. Cutting edge gasshale corporate developers, environmental researchers, and concerned municipality representatives present contemporary technical information and explore potential issues and concerns with gasshale stakeholders. Heat treatment quenching, hardening, and other thermal modifications p. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Jackson, and avner vengosh division of earth and ocean sciences, nicholas school of the environment, duke university, durham, north carolina 27708, united.
At a given temperature and pressure, the gas sorption capacities of organicrich shales are primarily controlled by the organic matter richness but may be significantly influenced by the type and maturity of the organic matter, mineral composition. It summarizes recent literature in order to improve the understanding of the fundamentals underlying the wastewater production in hydraulic fracturing operations for shale gas production and, finally, the different options available for its treatment and reuse focusing on the uk regulations and experience are explored. Shale gas has been found in many areas with water scarcity and. Keith bullin phd peter krouskop phd bryan research and engineering inc. The gas composition varies across the field, much as it does in the barnett. The study material has been compiled by experts in the field with many years of. Sohrab zendehboudi phd, alireza bahadori phd, ceng, in shale oil and gas handbook, 2017. Based on a presentation to the annual forum, gas processors associationhouston chapter, oct.
Course is an undergraduate program in liberal arts, the sciences. Composition variety complicates processing plans for us shale gas by. There is, however, increasing concern about the potential environmental impacts of shale gas extraction by hydraulic fracturing fracking. Although often referred to as shale gas, it differs from the natural gas produced from shale, which is also known as shale gas. Composition variety complicates processing plans for us shale gas. As activity has boomed and job growth continues to increase, training in this area for new and experienced engineers is essential. Water availability and shale gas development in sichuan basin. The government regulations set for the shale oil and gas industry are still premature due to the unexpected rapid. Composition, treatment, concerns article pdf available in environmental earth sciences 708. Shale gas is the term often used to describe both tight gas and shale gas resources. Testing the hardness of metals types and comparisons. This paper introduces a comprehensive study of the life cycle impact assessment lcia of water management in shale gas exploitation.
Process design and integration of shale gas to methanol acs. Where injection is not an option, new wastewater treatment facilities are being. May 26, 2018 the expansion of shale gas production requires characterization and correct management of the residues generated by the activity, due to their high polluting potential. Aug 27, 2015 a report issued in august 2015 titled shale gas development summary of shale gas wastewater treatment and disposal in pennsylvania 2014.
San jose state university 1 washington square san jose, ca 95112. Produced water reuse and recycling challenges and opportunities across major shale plays hydraulic fracturing technical workshop 4 09 by matthew e. The substantial discoveries of shale gas present many opportunities for the chemical, petrochemical, and fuel industries. The objective of this work is to develop a novel framework for the optimizing wastewater. Presentation at the epa technical workshops for the hydraulic fracturing study water. This contrasts with a conventional gas reservoir produced from sands and carbonates such as. Since 2008, the shale gas boom in north america has brought this particular unconventional gas, and the techniques used to produce it, to the forefront of the energy debate. Fundamentals of gas shale reservoirs petrochemistry fuel.
Composition variety complicates processing plans for us. In texas, where similar gas shale development takes place, the rates are generally higher. Methods analysis of the chemical composition of the gas samples. Treatment of shale gas produced water for discharge. Environmental and economic water management in shale gas. Comparison of effluent characterization with the limits established in the brazilian. Estimation of the water cycle related to shale gas production under. Natural gas production from tight shale formations, known as. This work is a literature data consolidation on the physicalchemical characterization of the effluents generated in the production stage. Comprehensive and uptodate, fundamentals of gas shale reservoirs is an essential reference for anyone interested in gas shale reservoirs. This report aims to compile the available informa tion on shale gas and fracking, especially in the light of growing concerns about the consumption of water as well as the serious pollution risks. Royalty rates, rents, and signing bonuses paid to state and private landowners vary. Development, technology, and policy issues congressional research service 2 gas shale development takes place on both private and state lands. The main difference between tight gas and shale gas, however, is that tight gas can be found in low permeability sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones, while shale gas rocks are usually impermeable 2 royal dutch shell plc.
Production from shale gas reservoirs plays an important role in natural gas supply in the united states. Although not limited to shale gas production solely, hydraulic fracturing. Wastewater characteristics from marcellus shale gas development. Chemical content identification factors and composition standards p. Impact of shale gas development on water resources. Permeability refers to the capacity of a porous, sediment, soil or rock in this case to transmit a fluid. Shale gas extraction via horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing hf. It is also a must have text for students, of any discipline, studying nonconventional oil and gas resources and it is bound to become the gold standard textbook in this field.
The data in fracfocus can be downloaded only in individual pdf formats per well appendix. We face difficult choices about security of supply, affordability, and the environment. Shale gas and shale oil plays the 750 trillion cubic feet of shale gas resources in the intek shale report is a subset of the aeo2011 onshore lower 48 states natural gas shale technically recoverable resource estimate of 862 trillion cubic feet. In this study, we focussed on the potential impacts on regional water resources within the baltic basin in poland, both in terms of quantity and. According to the energy information administration, by 2011 the majority of u. Mmscfd range with estimates of 60100 scf of gas per ton of shale. The natural gas contained in shale reservoirs has the same primary chemical composition as the natural gas contained in conventional reservoirs normally up to 95% methane. Shale gas development in the united states shale formations across the u. Water resource reporting and water footprint r from marcellus. Energy is a topic of enormous and growing interest to both government and the public. There are several concerns related to shale gas exploration and. Water resources and use for hydraulic fracturing in the. Shale gas exploration and production key issues and.
The main difference is in the geological and physical properties of the reservoirs in which the natural gas is stored rather than the composition of the gas itself. It is believed that gas in shale reservoirs is mainly composed of free gas within fractures and pores and adsorbed gas in organic matter kerogen. Horizontal drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing are the two key enabling technologies for the economic development of these shale gas reservoirs. This water is likely to come from rivers, lakes, ponds, groundwater aquifers, municipal supplies, reused wastewater, or recycled water from earlier fracturing operations. Theory, technologies, and challenges provides users with information on how shale oil and gas exploration has revolutionized todays energy industry. Underground injection is the primary wastewater managementdisposal method he vast majority ofemployed in t shale gas basins veil 2010.
Shale gas formations are unconventional reservoirs i. Statistically analyze characteristics of flowback, produced water, and drilling fluid waste sent to wastewater treatment facilities in pa, 20082011. Modeling gas adsorption in marcellus shale with langmuir and. Pdf since the beginning of this millennium, shale gas extraction by. Shale gas exploration and production key issues and responsible business practices guidance note for financiers this guidance note has been produced to assist financial institutions in their internal conversations and decisionmaking with regard to risks and responsible business practices associated with shale gas production. Estimated shale gas and shale oil resources in poland are significant and should be a target of detailed assessment 2, 7. A stochastic optimization approach to the design of shale gasoil.
It is believed that gas in shale reservoirs is mainly. The isotopic composition of gaseous hydrocarbons tool for. Shale gas production is a part of the oil and gas industry and therefore falls under the same regulatory framework as the rest of the industry. Chapter 9 water sourcing and wastewater disposal for. Table 2 shows the composition for four natural gas wells in the marcellus shale. Technical workshops for the hydraulic fracturing study water. Phyllite shale b, r, s lowmed similar to slate, but sheets are undulating wrinkled. The composition of the typical hydraulic fracturing fluid can be observed in appendix a. If a processing plant is designed to process shale gas with fixed compositions, a large amount of offspec gas will be produced when the real composition deviates from the designed composition.
Contrary to current perceptions, marcellus wells produce significantly less wastewater per unit gas recovered approx. Spe170801ms evaluation of gas adsorption in marcellus shale. As in conventional natural gas, shale gas contains primarily methane, but some formations contain significant amounts of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and inorganic gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Canada, russia, usa, and venezuela are producing heavy oil from oilsand. This e book focuses on related science and engineering.
In order to fill this gap, this thesis examines possible links between water availability and shale gas development in sichuan basin by projecting baseline water stress and estimating water utilization for sichuan basin shale gas development under hypothetical water impact scenarios. Apr 16, 2015 shale gas is currently being explored in europe as an alternative energy source to conventional oil and gas. The rise of shale gas development has triggered an intense public debate regarding the potential environmental and human health effects from hydraulic fracturing. A 1st year, 2nd year and final year notes from below provided links. Shale gas shale oil gboe gboe poland 25 3,3 france 23 4,7 romania 9 0,3 denmark 5 0 uk 4 0,7 netherlands 4 2,9 others 9 1 total 80 12,9 country. For the marcellus shale, by far the largest shale gas resource in the united states, we quantify gas and wastewater prodn. The book is a key reference that is useful for researchers, the oil and gas industry, and policymakers in gas producing and prospective countries. Shale gas american association of petroleum geologists. From microseismic to simulation a horn river case study o joint paper with cmg and nexen iptc14940 evaluation in data rich fayatteville shale gas plays integrating physicsbased reservoir simulations with data driven approaches for uncertainty reduction. A number of reference books has been used in the compilation of the subject material and they are listed in the reference section. Indications of transformation products from hydraulic.